Overjustification Effect

Extrinsic rewards can diminish intrinsic motivation towards an activity.

What it is

The Overjustification Effect is a psychological phenomenon where an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a person's intrinsic motivation to perform a task. The individual loses interest in the task when the reward is no longer offered, as the incentive decreases their internal desire to participate for enjoyment or satisfaction.

How to use it

1. Implementation of a Reward System

One of the most common ways to use the Overjustification Effect to increase conversions, retention, and engagement is through the implementation of a reward system. Typically, this involves offering users rewards such as discounts, free products, or exclusive content as a means of encouraging specific behaviors. However, it is important to understand that the Overjustification Effect suggests that if the rewards are too substantial, they can actually decrease intrinsic motivation. Therefore, the key is to offer rewards that are appealing, but not so large that they overshadow the intrinsic satisfaction that comes from using the product or service itself.

2. Gamification Strategies

Another effective way to leverage the Overjustification Effect for a tech startup is through gamification strategies. This involves incorporating game-like elements into the product or service to make it more enjoyable and engaging. For example, users could earn points for completing certain tasks, with the points then being redeemable for rewards. Again, it's important to ensure that the rewards don't become the main motivation for users to engage with the product or service, but rather serve as a fun bonus that enhances their overall experience.

3. Personalized Incentives

The Overjustification Effect can also be utilized by offering personalized incentives. This could include tailored discounts or exclusive content based on the user's past behavior or preferences. Such personalization can make the incentives feel more valuable and relevant to the user, thereby increasing their motivation to engage with the product or service. However, the Overjustification Effect reminds us to keep these incentives modest, so as not to diminish the user's intrinsic motivation.

4. Recognition and Achievement

Recognition of a user's achievements can also leverage the Overjustification Effect. This could involve showcasing the user's progress or accomplishments within the product or service, such as displaying badges or ranks that they've earned. This recognition can serve as a form of extrinsic motivation, encouraging the user to continue engaging with the product or service in order to achieve more. However, it's important to balance this with intrinsic motivation, ensuring that the user continues to find inherent value and satisfaction in the product or service itself.

5. Free Trials and Freemium Models

Offering free trials or freemium models can also leverage the Overjustification Effect. By giving users access to the product or service for free or at a reduced cost initially, they can experience the inherent value and satisfaction it provides. Then, once they've experienced this intrinsic motivation, they may be more likely to convert to a paid version. However, the Overjustification Effect suggests that it's important to ensure that the paid version offers additional value, rather than simply removing the 'free' incentive, in order to maintain the user's motivation.

Want to learn more?

Decoding the Why explores how high growth companies can integrate the power of behavioral science to unlock product & go-to-market strategies.

Use promo code Patent355 to receive a free eBook and Kindle copy.

get free copy
Cover of Decoding the Why book

More Behavioral Design Theories

Mental Accounting

A cognitive process of categorizing and evaluating financial outcomes.

Noble Edge Effect

Enhancing brand trust and loyalty through ethical business practices.

Suggestibility

The inclination to accept and act on suggestions of others.

Leveling and Sharpening

A psychological process influencing distortion and simplification of memories.

Gambler's Fallacy

Misconception that future probabilities are influenced by past events.

Heuristics

Quick decision-making strategies derived from learned or instinctive experiences.